Behavioural and Allied Sciences

151. The study of organizational behavior includes an understanding of which of the following:

1. the process of management.
2. interactions with the external environment.
3. organizational processes and the execution of work.
4. all of the above.

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152. According to Hooper and Potter's study of 25 chief executives, which of the following were crucial to the successful management of organizational change?

1. Effective communication.
2. Self-pacing.
3. Setting a good personal example.
4. All three of the above.

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153. When the needs of the individual and the organization are ______________, conflict and frustration can arise.

1. consistent.
2. compatible.
3. similar.
4. incompatible.

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154. A definition of organizational culture is that it is "the collection of ______________ and attitudes that constitute a pervasive context for everything we think and do in an organization".

1. Traditions, values.
2. Policies, practices, behaviors.
3. Traditions, values, policies, beliefs.
4. Values, styles, processes, activities.

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155. The Peters and Waterman study revealed that there was a particular factor that led to these organizations effectiveness. What was that factor?

1. Having a clear and rigidly defined organizational structure.
2. Dominance and coherence of culture.
3. Being decentralized and organic.
4. Being a large multinational organization.

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156. Which of the following is NOT one of Kotter and Cohen's series of steps for successful management of large-scale change?

1. Unfreezing.
2. Empowering action.
3. Creating visions.
4. Producing short-term wins.

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157. Schein suggested three levels of culture in order from shallowest to deepest. In this order, they are:

1. History, artefacts, beliefs.
2. Assumptions, artefacts, values.
3. History, values, activities.
4. Artefacts, values, assumptions.

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158. The style of management adopted by managers can be seen as a function of the manager's:

1. attitudes towards people.
2. assumptions about human nature and behavior.
3. both of the above.
4. neither of the above.

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159. Galunic and Weeks suggest that with the demise of WHAT, companies need other strategies to encourage commitment?

1. Job security.
2. Career paths.
3. Pension plans.
4. Promotion opportunities.

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160. The psychological contract is:

1. a signed document stating mutual explicit needs.
2. a listing of statutory requirements.
3. a formal contract of employment.
4. a series of implicit mutual expectations.

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